In that regard, integrative models of management from Latin America, by using local knowledge and citizen science, could produce successful grouper management for Brazilian data-poor fisheries, a contrasting reality to the Mediterranean areas. Collaboration with small-scale fishers and local knowledge could contribute to low-conflict management measures. We suggest protective measures: 1) fishing zoning, 2) islands (MPAs) with the surveillance of fishers, 3) late Spring and early Summer as key periods for management (grouper reproduction), 4) studies on grouper larvae, 5) mapping of fishing spots, 6) studies on local knowledge. Groupers can be considered as a cultural and ecological keystone species. Local knowledge of fishers was important for grouper data of habitat and diet the reproduction period was identified by fishers as September to March. We did not observe Epinephelus marginatus from Bahia northward a maximum size of 200 cm was reported south of the Bahia, besides Rio de Janeiro and São Paulo coasts, 20 years ago (or longer) by 12 fishers. Red grouper was observed in markets in the northeastern Brazil. We visited 74 markets and 79 sites on the coast of Brazil in 2017–2018, and we interviewed 71 fishers: Bahia (NE), Rio de Janeiro and São Paulo (SE), and Santa Catarina (S). Landings, prices, interviews, and restaurants demand for two species, Epinephelus marginatus (dusky grouper) and Epinephelus morio (red grouper), were registered. We investigated catches and local ecological knowledge (LEK) of diet, habitat, and past fishing experiences. Groupers are a vulnerable but economically important group of fish, especially for small-scale fisheries.
0 Comments
Leave a Reply. |
AuthorWrite something about yourself. No need to be fancy, just an overview. ArchivesCategories |